In terms of primary copper production, since the grade and recovery rate of copper ore have significant impacts on the mining and beneficiation processes, it is therefore critical to improve "green mining" and "intelligent mining" (Nakajima et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2022). Also, recycling technologies is essential to ensure secondary ...
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In this paper, a theoretical model of secondary recovery is developed that integrates microeconomic theories of production and cost with a dynamic model of scrap …
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Due to the inevitable inclusion of copper droplets in copper slag, the grade of copper in copper slag, with a high copper content of 0.3–1.5 wt%, is similar to that of exploitable copper ore. With the large amount of copper mining, high–grade copper ore is running out and copper slag has become an important secondary copper resource.
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Fig. 2 illustrates the iron ore beneficiation process, particularly magnetic separation, resulting in the generation of inevitable tailings. Due to the characteristics of iron ores and the conditions during beneficiation, it is inevitable that approximately 2.5–3 tons of IOTs are generated for every 1 ton of iron ore concentrate produced [7].In 2019, the …
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Chrysocolla is a mineral that belongs to the silicate mineral group. It is often found in association with other secondary copper minerals, such as malachite, azurite, and cuprite.Chrysocolla is known for its vibrant blue-green or green color, which is reminiscent of turquoise.It is named after the Greek words "chrysos," meaning gold, and "kolla," …
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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Utilization of high-gradient magnetic separation–secondary grinding–leaching to improve the copper recovery from refractory copper oxide ores" by X. Bai et al. ... batch flotation tests were conducted to investigate the flotation of oxidized copper ore from the supergene zone of the Bounhas deposit.
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of copper and 160 000 ounces of gold. Ore mined from the epigenetic vein-hosted deposit is classified into three ore types based on the extent of oxidation and supergene enrichment. Sulphide, oxide, and mixed ore are fed to separate mineral processing circuits tailored for recovery of the dominant copper minerals in each. After comminution to a ...
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An idealized view of the various sources of dilution at different stages of mining and milling. For each dilution source, the diagram indicates that some ore is potentially lost and some waste is ...
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The paper also reviewed the recovery process and technical route of typical scrap copper secondary resources. The contribution of this study is to provide scientific …
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Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore (less than 1% copper) and ends with sheets of 99.99% pure copper called cathodes, which will ultimately be made into products for everyday use.The most common types of ore, copper oxide and copper sulfide, undergo two different processes, hydrometallurgy and …
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The ADP of secondary copper was 21.46% that of primary copper. For EP and HTP, secondary copper accounted for 18.80% and 12.5% that of primary copper. For the rest of the impact, secondary copper was below 10% of primary copper. In summary, the regeneration process showed an environmental advantage over all indicators.
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COPPER CONSUMED 2,807 3 (3) SCRAP STOCKS 1 2 (3) NON OTHER THAN COPPER-BASE SCRAP & 82 2 2(5) -REPORTED SCRAP OTHER 0 (9) DOMESTIC SCRAP 1,493 2 (1) COPPER- BASE SCRAP 890 2 (4) SCRAP RECOVERED 971 2 (6) NET SCRAP EXPORTS 604 2 (2) Supply of secondary copper from receipt to …
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Relationship between ore mineralogy and copper recovery across different processing circuits at Kansanshi mine ... secondary copper sulphide minerals such as bornite, chalcocite, and covellite, and chrysocolla. The main differences between the concentrates across the three circuits is apparent in the copper sulphide minerals, where supergene ...
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Leaching is a hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of metals from ore bearing rocks. Leaching in situ has tremendous potential and seems to be the technology of the future. Copper from secondary sulfide minerals, like chalcocite and covellite, can not be easily dissolved within a short period of time using dilute acid. When an oxide
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Copper metallurgy is the process in which copper metal is extracted from copper ore and secondary resources. ... sulfide minerals are often associated with precious metals and rare metals and thus have high value in comprehensive recovery. Copper oxide minerals are the products of weathering and hydrolysis of primary copper …
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If we consider only the top 20 copper mines with the most important reserves of copper (over 1,000 million tonnes of copper reserves) the average copper ore grade of this group is only 0.76% copper, including deposits with a high average copper ore grade, such as Tenke Fungurume with 2.32%Cu, Resolution with 1.5%Cu, Taimyr Peninsula …
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The zero-waste concept (Binnemans et al., 2015; Curran and Williams, 2012; Zaman, 2015) envisions a closed-loop use of all available resources and thus embraces the full recovery and valorisation of both metals and the residual matrix material (i.e. the metal depleted mineral residue that directly derives from the primary ore and secondary raw …
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1. Introduction. The ongoing and further accelerating transition to a low-carbon society has triggered a rapidly rising demand for copper, a metal that is essential for most renewable energy infrastructure projects (e.g., wind and solar farms) and zero-carbon technologies, such as electric cars (Vidal et al., 2013).Simultaneously, the mining …
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Konkola Copper Mine's Number 4 Shaft is a trackless underground mine applying sublevel open stoping (SLOS) mining method. Number 4 shaft wants to increase ore production from 1 million metric ...
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Over the last 30 years, the recovery of copper via heap leaching of amenable ores has advanced rapidly to account for approximately 20% of world copper production. Ore-containing copper oxides or secondary copper sulfides are easily treated by heap leaching or heap bioleaching technologies, respectively. The use of heap …
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Secondary copper recovery is divided into smelting, alloying, and casting. Pretreatment preparation for smelting. Smelting consists of purification of specific metals. Alloying involves to obtain desirable qualities characteristic copper smelting operations are …
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The copper recovery of our CuFeS2 + FeS2 + MnO2 + C system (91.6%) is significantly higher than that of a CuFeS2 + FeS2 system (1.0%) after 1 M sulfuric acid leaching owing to the galvanic effect. ... Resource, environmental and economics research for primary and secondary copper: a bibliometric and systematic review. J Clean Prod …
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In the ten years from 2003 to 2013 global mine production of copper has increased by over 23% to meet demand while the weighted average head grade has dropped from 0.9 to 0.7% Cu.
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Konkola Copper Mine's Number 4 Shaft is a trackless underground mine applying sublevel open stoping (SLOS) mining method. Number 4 shaft wants to increase ore production from 1 million metric tonnes per …
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Most important for copper bioleaching to date is heap or dump/stockpile bioleaching with secondary copper ores. About 80 % of the bioleached copper originates from projects with secondary copper ores. In terms of the remaining 20 %, low-grade primary ore is increasingly bioleached via dump/stockpile leaching.
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Recently, global population growth, economic growth (particularly in emerging economies), and the transition to a more sustainable society is causing the rapidly …
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With the gradual decrease in the grade of copper ores being processed, copper concentrates have become more complex with higher impurity and gangue content. This trend has had a detrimental effect on smelters as they have to increase throughput to maintain copper metal production, while increasing operating costs due to processing …
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PDF | On Sep 30, 2013, Will R. Goodall and others published The influence of textural variation and gangue mineralogy on recovery of copper by flotation from porphyry ore: a review. | Find, read ...
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Secondary copper can also be produced by recycling scrap, as well as finished products, and has the same performance properties as primary material. ... After mining, copper is produced by one of two process routes, pyrometallurgical (dry) or hydrometallurgical (wet). Smelting is a process of heating and melting ore to extract a metal like copper.
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Combined with the copper grade in the original ore (α), the rougher recovery (ε) could be calculated using the following formula: (1) ... while the content of secondary copper sulfide is also significant, reaching 37.89 %.Secondary copper sulfide is formed by the oxidation, decomposition, reduction, impregnation, and migration of native ...
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